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Mentha piperata

Family:

Labiatea

Latin Name(s):                  Mentha piperitta

Urdu Name                        Podeena

English Name(s):              Peppermint ,mint

Parts Used                Leaves

Quality/Temperament        Warm and dry in second order.

Chemical constituents     Flavonoids = anti oxidant

Menthol = aromatic and flavoring Menthone = local anesthetic Limonene = antitumor and microbial

Volatiles oils = carminative and antiviral

Methofuran = flavoring agent

Functions and Properties (Pharmacological Actions):

  • Carminative

  • Gastric sedative

  • Intenstine sedative

  • Expectront

  • Diuretic

  • Resolvent

  • Nausea

  • Emesis

  • Anthalmantic

  • Local anesthetic

  • Aromaric and flavoring agent

Specific Action:

  • Food digestive and diuretic

Medicinal Uses:

  • Loss of appetite

  • Gastric affection

  • Flutance

  • Anti pyretic

  • Asthama

  • Jaundice

  • Gastric and intestinal vermifuge

  • Irritable bowl diseases

  • Skin sensation

  • Loosen the mucus

  • Anti inflammatory

  • Inflammation in the lungs

  • Decongestant of nose

  •  

Compound Preparations:

  • Jawarish poodina

  • Arq poodina

  • Qurs poodena

  • Jawarisha anareen

  • Jawarisha timar hindi

Dosage:

3-5g twice a day

Corrigent:

Banafsha

Tenedium:

Serval types of peppermint are present.

Side Effects

Allergic reactions

Burning mouth syndrome Diarrhea with anal burning Flushing

Heartburn

Mouth ulcer

Rash

Oleresine turpentine

/

Rosin

Family:

Pinaceae

Arabic Name(s):                Qanah, Sanober Asghar, Sanober Asmanri

Urdu Name                        Behroza, Barzad, Barzo, Cheer, Ganda behroza

English Name(s):              Oleo-resin, Pine

Parts Used                Oleo-resin.

Quality/Temperament        Warm and dry in third order

Chemical constituents     Oleoresin

The natural function of gum oleoresin and turpentine oil mainly consisted of a-pinene , and B-pinene

Functions and Properties (Pharmacological Actions):

  • Calorific,

  • resolvent of inflammation,

  • laxative,

  • carminative,

  • desiccative (for ulcers), active against phlegmatic and nervous disorders,

  • expectorant and

  • purgative of phlegm,

  • diuretic and

  • emmenagogue,

  • expellant of dead foetus and placenta,

  • vermifuge.

Specific Action:

  • Resolvent of inflammations, hard swellings and ulcers, and as emmenagogue.

Medicinal Uses:

  • used as stimulant,

  • diuretic and gonorrhoea in pills as well as the wood in powders.

  • The oil is effective against ulcers and abscesses in ointments.

  • It acts as vermifuge for the chronic ulcers in which insects appear,

  • it is useful fumigation in scrofula, and dries the affected sites, wounds and ulcers, produces fresh cells and helps formation of skin over the healing parts of the body.

  • The oleo-resin resolves the scrofulous glands and heals them when applied locally, employed in chronic bronchitis, phthisis, and as plaster over painful chest and enlarged liver.

  • As corrosive application and as pessary successfully employed to resolve uterine inflammations and swellings, for bringing the menses and for expelling the dead foetus and placenta.

  • Purified oleo-resin has the property of healing ulcers in kidneys and urinary bladder and the oil with sugar (in one gram dose) is useful against tuberculosis, phthisis and bronchitis.

Compound Preparations:

  • Zamad Jalinus,

  • Marham jadwar,

  • Marham Ral,

  • Marham Zangar,

  • Musaffi-i-Rehem,

  • Marham Safaid,

  • Marham Rusul.

Dosage:

1 to 2 g. (approximately).

Corrigent:

Viola odorata oil and Camphor.

Tenedium:

Sakbinaj (gum of Ferula persica Willd. N.O. Umbelliferae).

Cannabis

Family:

Cannabinaceae/Cannabaceae

Arabic Name(s):                 Qinnab, Hashish Hindi

Urdu Name                        Bhang, Qinnab, Hashish, Ganja, Bhangia

English Name(s):              Indian Hemp

Parts Used                Leaves, (female) flowering tops,

resinous exudations (Charas) and seeds (Shahdana).

Quality/Temperament

(Leaves) Cold and dry in third order.   

Functions and Properties (Pharmacological Actions):

  • Narcotic (intoxicating, hypnotic),

  • astringent,

  • stomach tonic,

  • appetitive,

  • exhilarant,

  • aphrodisiac and

  • avoricious,

  • desiccative (for semen), sedative and

  • anodyne (pain relieving),

  • antispasmodic, melancholic.

  • In moderate doses it exerts at first exhilarant and aphrodisiac actions, afterwards it is sedative. In large doses it first produces mental exaltation (euphoria) then intoxication and temporary loss of memory (and narcotism).

Specific Action:

  • Narcotic,

  • hypnotic,

  • sedative,

  • avoricious,

  • aphrodisiac, (in small doses) stimulant;

  • in large doses euphoric.

Medicinal Uses:

  • Hemp is prescribed in bowel complaints like

  • indigestion,

  • diarrhoea and

  • dysentery,

  • checks discharges in diarrhoea and is

  • useful in stimulating appetite.

  • In dysentery, dried tender leaves are mixed with little sugar and black pepper powder and given as successful remedy in acute dysentery, infantile convulsions, intestinal, hepatic and renal colic.

  • In confections and electuaries administered as

  • exhilarant, avoricious and

  • aphrodisiac. Due to its

  • astringent,

  • sedative action it is useful against menorrhagia.

  • As anodyne given systemically as well as applied in milk on haemorrhoids. In migraine and chronic persistent headache used internally as well as applied on forehead in insomnia, delerium and insanity.

  • Due to its pain relieving (anodyne) action and antispasmodic property effective in whooping cough, pain in the liver, colic and tetanus.

  • Oil extracted from the seeds is used for rubbing in rheumatism, applied to the head relieves dandruff and useful against lice.

  • All parts are valuable against acute mania, asthma, dysuria, pain in dysmenorrhoea and pain in phthisis, with assafoetida it is given in hysteria.

  • Powder of leaves applied to fresh wounds promote granulation and poultice is applied to local inflammations, erysipelas, haemorrhoids, neuralgia etc

Compound Preparations:

  • Hab Hamal,

  • Hab Mumsik Tilai,

  • Hab Mumsik Ambari,

  • Safuf Qinnab,

  • Ma'jun Kalan,

  • Ma'jun Masik al-Boul,

  • Ma'jun Murawweh ul-Arwah,

  • Ma'jun Muqawwi wa Mumsik,

  • Ma'jun Falak Sayr.

Dosage:

1 mg

Corrigent:

Butter and clarified butter (i.e. ghee).

Tenedium:

enedium Papaver somniferum Linn., Lactuca sativa Linn. (seeds) and Hyoscyamus niger Linn..

COLOCYNTH

Family:

Cucurbitaceae

Latin Name(s):                

Citrullus colocynthis

Urdu Name                        Hanzal, Indrain, Kharpaza Talkh, Tumma کڑوا ، موکھل کھیر

English Name(s):              colocynth. bitter-cucumber,

Parts Used               

Fruit. Root and Seed

Quality/Temperament        Hot and Dry in 3rd Order

Chemical constituents     carbohydrate,

❖ protein,

❖ separated amino acid,

❖ tannins,

❖ saponins,

❖ phenolics,

❖ flavanoids,

❖flavone glucosides,

❖ terpenoids,

❖ alkaloids,

❖ anthranol,

❖ steroids,

❖ cucurbitacins,

❖ saponarin,

❖ cardic glycoloids,

Functions and Properties (Pharmacological Actions):

  • Purgative of phlegm and atrabile (hydrogogue cathartic),

  • resolvent,

  • ecbolic (abortifacient),  

  • antiflatulent,

  •  antiepileptic,

  • anticatarrhal,

  • antidropsical,

  • antirheumatic,

  • antioxidant,

  • Antidiabetic,

  • antimicrobial,

  • diuretic,

  • expectorant,

  • alterative.

Specific Action:

  • Drastic

  • purgative/hydrogogue

  • cathartic,

  • abortifacient.

Medicinal Uses:

  • Constipation

  •  Considered cathartic,

  • ecbolic,

  • emmenecbolic

  • febrifuge,

  • hydragogue,

  • purgative, and

  • vermifugal,

  •  the colocynth is used for amenorrhea,

  •  ascites,

  • intestinal parasites

  • bilious disorders,

  • cancer,

  • fever,

  • jaundice,

  • leukemia,

  • rheumatism,

  • snakebite,

  • tumors (especially of the abdomen),

  • In asthma,

  • rheumatism,

  • sciatica,

  • gout,

  • paralysis,

  • facial paralysis,

  • leprosy,

  • elephantiasis,

  • epilepsy,

Compound Preparations:

  • اطریفل دیدان ، حب رسوت خاص ، مصفی سیرپ,عرق شاہترہ ، قرص مصفی مرکب اجملی

Dosage:

1-3 gram

Corrigent:

Cochlospermum gossypium DC. and almond oil

Tenedium:

For diarrhoea Aloe spp., as purgative Cassia fistula Linn. Oi

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